Waste disposal

Dátum poslednej aktualizácie:20.10.2023

Téma

Odpady

Značky

Definícia indikátora

Indicator describes the management of waste by disposal, whereby the main focus is on share of landfilled waste as the most widely accepted method of disposal. Specifically, the landfilled waste without municipal waste and landfilled municipal waste are monitored.

Jednotka indikátora

%, t

Metadáta

Related definitions:

According to the Act no. 223/2001 Coll. on Waste as amended:
 
Waste is a movable object, given in Annex no.1 of this Act, of which the holder discards or intends to discard or is required to discard in accordance with this Act or special regulations.
 
Under the Act no. 223/2001 Coll. on Waste as amended, municipal waste is household waste generated within the municipality by the activity of natural persons, and waste of similar characteristics and composition the producer of which is a legal entity or natural person- entrepreneur, except waste generated in the direct performance of activities forming the subject of business or activity of a legal entity or natural person- entrepreneur; waste from real estate serving to individuals for their individual recreation is also considered to be waste from households- for example, from gardens, cottages, or for the parking or storage of any vehicle used for household purposes, especially from garages, garage parking places and parking places. Municipal waste is also all the waste generated in the municipality during the cleaning of public roads and areas owned by the municipality or administered by the municipality, and produced during the maintenance of public green spaces, including parks and cemeteries and other greenery on  the lands of legal entities, individuals and civic associations.
Municipal waste and minor construction waste treatment is regulated by the section 39 of this Act, while the paragraph 2 states that it is the municipality that is responsible for the treatment of municipal waste produced in the territory of municipality and of minor construction waste generated in the municipality. The municipality is obliged to draw up a producer´s waste program for municipal waste.
 
Waste management means waste collection, waste transportation, waste recovery and disposal including the care for the site of disposal.
 
Waste disposal means such treatment of it, which does not cause environmental damage or threat to human health. Codes of waste disposal activities in accordance with Annex no.3 to Act no. 223/2001 Coll. of May 15, 2001 on Waste and amending of certain laws (as amended), whereby the landfill is assigned a D01 code of treatment.
 
Code of treatment Activity
D01 Deposit into or onto land, (e.g. landfill, etc.)
D02 Land treatment (e.g. biodegradation of liquid or sludgy discards in soils, etc.)
D03 Deep injection (e.g., injection of pumpable discards into wells, salt domes or naturally occurring repositories, etc.)
D05 Specially engineered landfill, (e.g. placement into lined discrete cells which are capped and isolated from one another and the environment, etc.)
D08 Biological treatment not specified elsewhere in this Annex which results in final compounds or mixtures which are disposed of by any of D1 to D12 operations
D09 Physico-chemical treatment not specified elsewhere in this Annex which results in final compounds or mixtures which are disposed of by any of D1 to D12 operations (e.g. evaporation, drying, calcination, etc.)
D10 Incineration on land
D11 Incineration at sea
D12 Permanent storage, (e.g. emplacement of containers in mines, etc.)
D13 Blending or mixing prior to application of any of D1 to D12 operations
D14 Repackaging prior to applications of D1 to D12 operations
D15 Storage of waste prior to applications of D1 to D14 operations (excluding temporary storage, prior to collection on the site where the waste is produced)

Methodology:

In accordance with Annex no. 1 MoE SR Decree no. 284/2001 Coll. of June 11, 2001, establishing the Catalogue of waste (as amended by Decree no. 409/2002 Coll., and Decree no. 129/2004 Coll.), this indicator includes all types of waste indiscriminately of category, which was treated by one of the activities listed in Annex no. 3 to Act. 223/2001 Coll. of May 15, 2001 on Waste and amending of certain laws, broken down on waste without municipal waste (all types of waste according to Waste Catalogue without group 20) and municipal waste (group 20 waste).
 
Monitoring the quantities of waste produced in Slovakia is given by the legal requirements, especially by the Act no. 223/2001 Coll. on Waste and Act no. 540/2001 Coll. on State Statistics (both laws as amended). The survey of data on waste is carried out by means of reports of producers and waste management facilities (according to MoE SR Decree no. 310/2013 Coll.), and under the survey of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (according to SO SR Decree no. 291/2013 Coll. on Programme of State Statistical Surveys for the years 2015 to 2017) for the municipal waste (a form ŽP 6-01 - Annual report on municipal waste from municipality).
 
Classification of waste is realized based on the MoE SR Decree no. 284/2001 Coll. (as amended). A waste catalogue number is assigned to each waste and these codes are ranked based on the place of waste origin. Wastes are classified into twenty groups, each of which is divided into subgroups which include various types of waste. Each waste is given a catalogue number and category, which can be "O" - other (non-hazardous) waste or "N" - hazardous waste.
 
Up to 2013, the Slovak Environmental Agency as administrator of the Regional Information System on Waste (RISW) and the Statistical Office of SR for the area of municipal waste were the providers of data needed for the analysis of the generation and management of waste in the SR.


Data sources:

MoE SR, SEA


Related indicators:

Related international indicators:

 

 


Linked references:

 

 

 

Väzba indikátora k rozvojovým dokumentom a cieľom

Greener Slovakia, Strategy of the Environmental Policy of the Slovak Republic until 2030 (2019)

Goal 10: Towards the Circular Economy

  • By 2030, the municipal waste recycling rate, including its preparation for re-use, will be increased to 60% and by 2035, the land-filling rate will be reduced to less than 25%. Slovakia will use green public procurement at least in 70% of the total value of the public procurement. It will increase support for green innovation, science and research. Disposal of food waste for supermarkets will be prohibited.

Goal 10.1: Support of the Circular Economy
Goal 10.2: Gradual Increase of Fees for Waste Landfill

 

Waste Prevention Programme 2019 — 2025 (2019)
The main objective of the programme is to shift from material recovery as the only priority in the waste management of the Slovak Republic to waste prevention in accordance with the waste management hierarchy of the Slovak Republic.

 

Waste Management Programme of the Slovak Republic for 2021 — 2025 (2021)

The main objective of the waste management of the Slovak Republic until 2025 is to divert waste away from landfill disposal, especially for municipal waste.

It is necessary to continue to enforce waste management hierarchy with emphasis on waste prevention, preparation for re-use and recycling. The promotion of waste prevention, together with reuse and preparation for reuse, including through the implementation of the measures of the Waste Prevention Programme for 2019 — 2025, are an integral key part of the long-term efforts of the Slovak Republic to reduce the amount of waste generated on the territory of the Slovak Republic.

Kľúčová otázka

Has the share of waste disposal been decreasing, especially regarding the landfill?

Kľúčové zistenia

  • The landfilling rate of waste excluding municipal waste (MSW) has fluctuated between 2005 and 2022, decreasing by less than 15 percentage points over the period. However, there was an annual increase from 14.8% to 16.2% in 2022 compared to 2021.

  • The municipal waste landfilling rate has been decreasing over the 2005-2022 period. While in 2005 more than 78% of municipal waste was landfilled, in 2022 it was 39.4%. In 2022, there was a decrease of 1.2 percentage points year-on-year compared to 2021.

  • The target set in the Strategy of the Environmental Policy of the Slovak Republic until 2030 is to increase the recycling rate of municipal waste, including preparation for re-use, to 60% by 2030 and to reduce the rate of municipal waste landfilling to less than 25% by 2035.

Change since 2005 Change since 2015 Last year-on-year change Progress towards a specific target
Neutralny trend Negativny trend
There has been a significant decrease in the amount of MSW disposed of to landfill, but the rate of landfilling of MSW remains high. For non-hazardous waste, there has been a significant decrease in the rate of landfilling Landfilling rates for both municipal and non-municipal waste continued to decline. The year-on-year decline in municipal waste landfilling rates continued. However, the landfilling rate of non- MSW increased slightly year-on-year. There is still a high proportion of landfilling of MW. In order to achieve the target of reducing landfilling to less than 10% by 2035 (the Strategy of the Environmental Policy of the Slovak Republic until 2030 sets a target of 25% in this area), it is necessary to accelerate the diversion of municipal waste from landfill.

Sumárne zhodnotenie

Podrobné zhodnotenie

Waste production is an indicator, which is closely related to the level of economic activity in the country. It is also the indicator of raw material consumption model. Richer economies tend to produce more waste. In many developed countries, the reduction of total volume of generated waste manifests changes in the consumption of raw material resources and increase of reuse and recycling. Ensuring that the materials flow within the economy is managed efficiently and with the least possible impact on the environment is not only necessary from an environmental perspective but also in terms of financial and trade flows. The main challenge is thus the improvement of source productivity, ensuring that materials are utilized efficiently throughout their life cycle, which- in terms of waste management- means giving clear preference to waste recovery rather than to its disposal.
 
The level of waste management in the area is, within the individual waste groups, largely influenced by the availability of recovery facilities in the vicinity of the waste production site, the way the collection of waste from waste producers is organized in the area, and the costs incurred by waste producers when using the services of entities involved in the waste management. Waste landfill is still the most common mean of waste management, which is not fully consistent with the purpose of SR Waste Management.
 
 

Developments in the treatment by disposal and landfilling for waste without municipal waste, tons

  2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Landfilled waste 

without MW

 2 888 366 2 483 878 2 709 313 2 499 439 2 517 432 2 093 797 1 666 717 1 820 060 1 470 103 1 720 031
Waste generation
without MW		 9 358 719 7 814 887 8 811 867 8 717 776 10 115 230 10 142 461 10 037 944 10 161 379 9 943 797 10 593 124

Source: MoE

 

Developments in the treatment by disposal and landfilling for municipal waste, tons

  2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Landfilled MW 1 226 576 1 376 692 1 224 224 1 289 895 1 312 787 1 250 280 1 198 249 1 195 216 1 110 374 1 021 584
Generation of
MW		 1 558 263 1 719 012 1 751 531 1 953 478 2 136 470 2 325 178 2 369 725 2 684 485 2 766 927 2 593 965

Source: MoE, SO SR

Medzinárodné porovnanie

Kontakt na spracovateľa

Ing. Juraj Vajcík, SAŽP, juraj.vajcik@sazp.sk